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algae:gmo [2026-09-12 23:58] – [New Genomic Techniques] robertalgae:gmo [2026-09-13 17:30] (current) – Mostly rename EURlex robert
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   - __Contained use of GMMs__ (Directive 2009/41/EC) — laboratory and industrial-scale use of genetically modified micro-organisms in contained facilities, with no deliberate release [[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32009L0041|EURlex]].   - __Contained use of GMMs__ (Directive 2009/41/EC) — laboratory and industrial-scale use of genetically modified micro-organisms in contained facilities, with no deliberate release [[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32009L0041|EURlex]].
-  - __Deliberate environmental release__ (Directive 2001/18/EC) — field trials or commercial cultivation of GM organisms in open environments [[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02001L0018-20210327|EURLex]]. +  - __Deliberate environmental release__ (Directive 2001/18/EC) — field trials or commercial cultivation of GM organisms in open environments [[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02001L0018-20210327|EURlex]]. 
-  - __GM food and feed__ (Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003) — placing on the market of GM food and feed, or food/feed derived from or containing GMOs [[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02003R1829-20210327|EUR-Lex]]. +  - __GM food and feed__ (Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003) — placing on the market of GM food and feed, or food/feed derived from or containing GMOs [[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02003R1829-20210327|EURlex]]. 
-  - __GMO traceability and labelling__ (Regulation (EC) No 1830/2003) — horizontal requirements for labelling and traceability of all GMOs and products derived from them [[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02003R1830-20190726|EUR-Lex]].+  - __GMO traceability and labelling__ (Regulation (EC) No 1830/2003) — horizontal requirements for labelling and traceability of all GMOs and products derived from them [[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02003R1830-20190726|EURlex]].
  
 Which instrument applies depends on whether the GM algae is being used in contained conditions (research or industrial biotechnology), released into the environment, or commercialised as food/feed. Which instrument applies depends on whether the GM algae is being used in contained conditions (research or industrial biotechnology), released into the environment, or commercialised as food/feed.
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 ==== Contained Use of GM Micro-organisms ==== ==== Contained Use of GM Micro-organisms ====
  
-Directive 2009/41/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 May 2009 on the contained use of genetically modified micro-organisms (recast), OJ L 125, 21.5.2009, p. 75. [[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32009L0041|EUR-Lex]]+Directive 2009/41/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 May 2009 on the contained use of genetically modified micro-organisms (recast), OJ L 125, 21.5.2009, p. 75. [[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32009L0041|EURlex]]
  
 __Relevance to algae:__ Microalgae are micro-organisms for the purposes of this Directive, and genetically modified microalgae used in contained facilities (laboratories, bioreactors from which no release to the environment is possible) are governed by this Directive. Key provisions: __Relevance to algae:__ Microalgae are micro-organisms for the purposes of this Directive, and genetically modified microalgae used in contained facilities (laboratories, bioreactors from which no release to the environment is possible) are governed by this Directive. Key provisions:
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 ==== Deliberate Environmental Release ==== ==== Deliberate Environmental Release ====
  
-Directive 2001/18/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 March 2001 on the deliberate release into the environment of genetically modified organisms, OJ L 106, 17.4.2001, p. 1. [[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02001L0018-20210327|EUR-Lex]]+Directive 2001/18/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 March 2001 on the deliberate release into the environment of genetically modified organisms, OJ L 106, 17.4.2001, p. 1. [[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02001L0018-20210327|EURlex]]
  
 __Relevance to algae:__ This Directive applies when a GM organism is deliberately released into the environment outside of a contained facility. For algae, this scenario arises if: __Relevance to algae:__ This Directive applies when a GM organism is deliberately released into the environment outside of a contained facility. For algae, this scenario arises if:
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 ==== GM Food and Feed ==== ==== GM Food and Feed ====
  
-Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 on genetically modified food and feed, OJ L 268, 18.10.2003, p. 1. [[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02003R1829-20210327|EUR-Lex]]+Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 on genetically modified food and feed, OJ L 268, 18.10.2003, p. 1. [[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02003R1829-20210327|EURlex]]
  
 __Relevance to algae:__ If a GM algal organism or a product derived from a GM algal organism is intended for use as food or feed, this Regulation applies. A product is covered if it: __Relevance to algae:__ If a GM algal organism or a product derived from a GM algal organism is intended for use as food or feed, this Regulation applies. A product is covered if it:
algae/gmo.txt · Last modified: by robert