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algae:greenhouse_gases_climate [2026-06-24 09:53] – [Greenhouse Gases and Climate] robertalgae:greenhouse_gases_climate [2026-08-05 21:24] (current) – [Greenhouse Gases and Climate] robert
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 ===== Greenhouse Gases and Climate ===== ===== Greenhouse Gases and Climate =====
  
-!FIXME! 
  
 Algae have a potentially significant role in climate policy: as carbon-sequestering biomass, as a low-carbon substitute for fossil-derived ingredients, and as producers of renewable energy. This chapter covers the EU Emissions Trading System, the Renewable Energy Directive's algae-specific provisions, the Carbon Removal Certification Framework, and the lifecycle greenhouse gas footprint methodology for algal production. See also [[algae:biogas_biofuels|Biogas and Biofuels]] for the bioenergy-specific rules. Algae have a potentially significant role in climate policy: as carbon-sequestering biomass, as a low-carbon substitute for fossil-derived ingredients, and as producers of renewable energy. This chapter covers the EU Emissions Trading System, the Renewable Energy Directive's algae-specific provisions, the Carbon Removal Certification Framework, and the lifecycle greenhouse gas footprint methodology for algal production. See also [[algae:biogas_biofuels|Biogas and Biofuels]] for the bioenergy-specific rules.
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 ==== EU Emissions Trading System ==== ==== EU Emissions Trading System ====
  
-Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowances trading within the Community (EU ETS), OJ L 275, 25.10.2003, p. 32 (as substantially revised by subsequent amending Directives, most recently by Directive (EU) 2023/959).+Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowances trading within the Community (EU ETS), OJ L 275, 25.10.2003, p. 32 [[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02003L0087-20240301|EURlex]] (as substantially revised by subsequent amending Directives, most recently by Directive (EU) 2023/959 [[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02023L0959-20230516|EURlex]]).
  
 __Relevance to algae:__ The EU ETS is a cap-and-trade system for CO₂ and other greenhouse gas emissions from large industrial installations. Algae production facilities are generally not directly covered by the EU ETS, as they do not fall into the listed categories (power generation, heavy industry) unless they are co-located with large industrial installations. However, algae producers may interact with the ETS in two ways: __Relevance to algae:__ The EU ETS is a cap-and-trade system for CO₂ and other greenhouse gas emissions from large industrial installations. Algae production facilities are generally not directly covered by the EU ETS, as they do not fall into the listed categories (power generation, heavy industry) unless they are co-located with large industrial installations. However, algae producers may interact with the ETS in two ways:
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 ==== Carbon Removal and Carbon Farming ==== ==== Carbon Removal and Carbon Farming ====
  
-Regulation (EU) 2024/3012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2024 on a Union certification framework for carbon removals (Carbon Removal Certification Regulation), OJ L, 12.12.2024.+Regulation (EU) 2024/3012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2024 on a Union certification framework for carbon removals (Carbon Removal Certification Regulation), OJ L, 12.12.2024 [[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32024R3012|EURlex]].
  
 __Relevance to algae:__ This recently adopted Regulation establishes a voluntary EU framework for certifying carbon removals — verified, quantified and monitored reductions in atmospheric CO₂ achieved through carbon farming and industrial carbon removal activities. Algae are potentially relevant under two scenarios: __Relevance to algae:__ This recently adopted Regulation establishes a voluntary EU framework for certifying carbon removals — verified, quantified and monitored reductions in atmospheric CO₂ achieved through carbon farming and industrial carbon removal activities. Algae are potentially relevant under two scenarios:
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 The implementing acts and methodologies for this Regulation are still being developed; this is an area of active regulatory development and close monitoring is recommended. The implementing acts and methodologies for this Regulation are still being developed; this is an area of active regulatory development and close monitoring is recommended.
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 +It is not clear if algal bioremediation could be eligible in future methodologies as prevention of carbon release in conventional aerobic treatment. As well, the methodology for accounting for the prevention of carbon emissions in fertiliser production by circular nutrient recovery is never mentioned.
  
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 ==== PFAS and Persistent Pollutants ==== ==== PFAS and Persistent Pollutants ====
  
-Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on persistent organic pollutants (POPs), as amended: OJ L 169, 25.6.2019, p. 45.+Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on persistent organic pollutants (POPs), as amended: OJ L 169, 25.6.2019, p. 45 [[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02019R1021-20260101|EURlex]].
  
 __Relevance to algae:__ Marine and freshwater algae can bioaccumulate PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) and other persistent pollutants from their growing environment. Ongoing EU regulatory developments on PFAS (including potential broad restrictions under REACH) may have implications for algae products from polluted growing environments. Producers sourcing algae from environments with potential PFAS contamination should monitor regulatory developments in this area. __Relevance to algae:__ Marine and freshwater algae can bioaccumulate PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) and other persistent pollutants from their growing environment. Ongoing EU regulatory developments on PFAS (including potential broad restrictions under REACH) may have implications for algae products from polluted growing environments. Producers sourcing algae from environments with potential PFAS contamination should monitor regulatory developments in this area.
algae/greenhouse_gases_climate.1782294830.txt.gz · Last modified: by robert