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--- algae:agriculture_land_based [2026-06-22 00:36] – [Industrial Emissions and IPPC] robert
+++ algae:agriculture_land_based [2026-06-22 00:47] (current) – [Heterotrophic Production: a Special Case] robert
@@ Line 73: / Line 73: @@
 === Organic Production Rules for Land-based Algae ===
-Regulation (EU) 2018/848 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 on organic production and labelling of organic products and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 834/2007, OJ L 150, 14.6.2018, p. 1. [[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:02018R0848-20230101|EUR-Lex]]
+Regulation (EU) 2018/848 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 on organic production and labelling of organic products and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 834/2007, OJ L 150, 14.6.2018, p. 1. [[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02018R0848-20250325|EUR-Lex]]
 __Relevance to land-based algae:__ Part III of the regulation lays down specific production rules for organic algae (both seaweed and microalgae), treating them within the aquaculture chapter. Key provisions particularly relevant to land-based production:
@@ Line 88: / Line 88: @@
 ==== Heterotrophic Production: a Special Case ====
-Heterotrophic algae production — cultivation in sealed fermenters using organic carbon sources (sugars, glycerol) rather than light — is the dominant production method for certain commercially important species: //Schizochytrium// sp. and //Thraustochytrid// sp. for DHA-rich algal oils; //Crypthecodinium cohnii// for DHA; and //Chlorella// species for some specific applications. These operations are indistinguishable from conventional industrial fermentation in terms of their equipment, process engineering and facility footprint.
+Heterotrophic algae production — cultivation in sealed fermenters using organic carbon sources (sugars, glycerol) rather than light — is the dominant production method for certain commercially important species: //Schizochytrium// sp. and //Thraustochytrid// sp. for DHA-rich algal oils; //Crypthecodinium cohnii// for DHA; and //Chlorella// species for some specific applications. This type of algal production is also frequently called __fermentation__ - we prefer to call it heterotrophic production to distinguish it from other types of fermentation, like lactofermentation of algae biomass. These operations are indistinguishable from conventional industrial fermentation in terms of their equipment, process engineering and facility footprint.
 From a regulatory classification standpoint, heterotrophic algae production falls into a gap: