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--- algae:waste_wastewater_nutrient_recovery [2026-08-02 01:42] – [Nitrates Directive] robert
+++ algae:waste_wastewater_nutrient_recovery [2026-09-13 17:30] (current) – Mostly rename EURlex robert
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 === Waste Framework Directive ===
-Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste (Waste Framework Directive), OJ L 312, 22.11.2008, p. 3. [[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02008L0098-20251016|EUR-Lex]]
+Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste (Waste Framework Directive), OJ L 312, 22.11.2008, p. 3. [[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02008L0098-20251016|EURlex]]
 __Relevance to algae:__ The Waste Framework Directive (WFD) establishes the EU waste hierarchy, the definitions of waste, by-products and the conditions for end-of-waste status. Key provisions for algae:
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 === Fertilising Products Regulation Interface ===
-Where algal biomass from a waste-derived cultivation system is intended for use as a fertilising product (organic fertiliser, soil improver, biostimulant) under Regulation (EU) 2019/1009 (see [[algae:fertiliser_products|Fertiliser Product Regulation and Related Topics]]), its eligibility depends on which Component Material Category (CMC) it falls under. CMC 2 (plant/algal biomass) can include algae, but contamination from the waste-stream growth environment — heavy metals, pathogens, micropollutants — may render the biomass ineligible under FPR Annex I contaminant limits. The FPR and the WFD end-of-waste provisions interact: a material that has achieved end-of-waste status in a member state may still need to meet CMC-specific requirements to be used in a CE-marked fertilising product.
+Where algal biomass from a waste-derived cultivation system is intended for use as a fertilising product (organic fertiliser, soil improver, biostimulant) under Regulation (EU) 2019/1009 (see [[algae:fertiliser_products|Fertiliser Product Regulation and Related Topics]]), its eligibility depends on which Component Material Category (CMC) it falls under. CMC 2 (plant/algal biomass) can include algae, but contamination from the waste-stream growth environment — heavy metals, pathogens, micropollutants — may render the biomass ineligible under FPR Annex I contaminant limits. The Fertilizer Product Regulation and the Waste Framework Directive end-of-waste provisions interact: a material that has achieved end-of-waste status in a member state may still need to meet CMC-specific requirements to be used in a CE-marked fertilising product.
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   * __End-of-waste criteria__ for algal biomass are not harmonised at EU level; national processes must be followed, and these vary significantly between member states in complexity and duration.
   * __Contaminant testing of waste-grown algal biomass__ is essential regardless of legal classification — wastewater-grown algae may accumulate heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, pathogens or other micropollutants that preclude use in food, feed or fertiliser applications.
-  * __Track the UWWTD recast and FPR revision__ — both are creating new regulatory opportunities for algae-based nutrient recovery systems and the rules will continue to evolve.
+  * __Track the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive recast 2025 and Fertilizer Product Regulation revision__ — both are creating new regulatory opportunities for algae-based nutrient recovery systems and the rules will continue to evolve.
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